chromatid aberration的意思|示意

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Chromatid aberration, also known as chromatid breakage, is a type of genetic translocation that occurs in cells during the process of cell division. It occurs when alleles from different chromosomes are swapped, resulting in an exchange of parts of genetic material between the two chromosomes. These exchanges often result in a change in the genetic makeup of the cells, which can lead to genetic diseases.

Chromatid aberration is caused by DNA damage. DNA damage can occur due to exposure to radiation, radiation-induced free radicals, and environmental pollutants. When DNA is damaged, the cell's repair mechanism may not be able to correctly rejoin the broken ends of the DNA. This can result in a swap of genetic material between the two chromosomes.

In humans, chromatid aberration is most often seen in individuals who have suffered from radiation exposure. People who have been exposed to radiation, or who come from families with a history of radiation exposure, are at higher risk of developing chromosomal aberrations. Other possible causes include exposure to chemicals, such as pesticides and herbicides, and exposure to toxic metals, such as lead and mercury.

Chromatid aberration can result in a variety of genetic disorders. These can include birth defects, intellectual disability, hearing loss, and vision problems. In some cases, the exchange of genetic material can also cause cancer or other diseases.

Chromatid aberration can be detected through genetic testing. Genetic testing can identify chromosomal aberrations, which can then be used to diagnose and treat the affected individual. In some cases, treatment may involve removing the affected chromosome from the body to prevent further damage.